 Первое занятие
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 Второе домашнее занятие
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THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT (ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ СРЕДА)
MEASURING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY (ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ)
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Рабочая тетрадь III семестра для экономических и управленческих специальностей
(Контрольная работа №3)
Второе домашнее занятие
Стр. 42 TASK 1
Беспереводное понимание текста:
- изложить кратко общее содержание текста, выделив ключевые слова, которые и определяют содержание текста;
- дать перевод ключевых слов.
Inflation is often accompanied by high interest rates. High interest rates tend to discourage investment by businesses as they increase the cost of borrowing funds. Thus, investment may fall. Businesses may also be dissuaded from undertaking investment programmes because of a lack of confidence in the future stability and prosperity of the economy. This fall in investment may be worsened by foreign investment being reduced as they also lose some confidence in the economy's future.
Such a decline in the level of investment can lead to businesses having to retain obsolete, inefficient and expensive means of production and cause a loss of international competitiveness. Finally, a fall in investment can lower the level of economic activity, causing lower sales, output and so on. Thus, to some extent, businesses can influence the economic environment in which they operate.
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Общее содержание текста
Inflation can cause adverse effects on the economy. High interest rates discourage investment.
Businesses are not confident in the future stability and prosperity of the economy. For the same reason foreign investment may decrease. A decline in investment can cause businesses to lose international competitiveness and, to some extent, worsen the economic environment in which they operate.
Ключевые слова
interest rate - процентная ставка
discourage - мешать осуществлению, препятствовать
increase - увеличивать
borrowing funds - заимствованные фонды, заемные средства
dissuade - отговаривать, разубеждать
lack of confidence - недостаток уверенности
stability and prosperity - стабильность и процветание
worsen - ухудшать
decline - спад, упадок
obsolete - устаревший, отживший
inefficient - неэффективный
competitiveness - конкурентоспособность
lower - ниже
lower - снижать
influence - влияние
Стр. 43 TASK 2
Выполнить письменный адекватный перевод со словарем.
Retailing is selling goods and, services to the ultimate consumer. Thus, the retailer is the most expensive link in the chain of distribution. Being middlemen, they make their profit by charging the customer 25 to 100 per cent more than the price they paid for the item.
The retailers operate through stores, mail-order houses, vending machine operators. There are different types of retail stores: department stores, discount houses, cooperatives, single line retailers. The major part (over 95 per cent) of retail establishments concentrate on a single line of merchandise for example, food, hardware, etc. But nowadays there is a trend for many single line stores to take on a greater variety of supplies.
The retailer performs many necessary functions. First, he may provide a convenient location. Second, he often guarantees and services the merchandise he sells. Third, the retailer helps to promote the product through displays, advertising or sales people. Fourth, the retailer can finance the customer by extending credit. Also the retailer stores the goods in his outlet by having goods available.
Перевод
Продажа в розницу означает, что товары и услуги будут доставлены до конечного потребителя. Таким образом, розничный продавец - самое прибыльное звено в цепи сбыта товара. Будучи посредниками, они получают свою прибыль, продавая товар на 25 - 100 процентов дороже той цены, по которой данный товар был закуплен. Розничная торговля осуществляется через магазины, посылторг, торговые автоматы. Есть разные типы розничных магазинов: универмаги, магазины низких цен, кооперативы, специализированные магазины. Главная часть (более 95 процентов) розничной торговли концентрируется на одном виде товара например, продукты, компьютеры, и т.д. Но в настоящее время многие специализированные магазины стремятся разнообразить ассортимент. Розничный продавец выполняет много необходимых функций. Во-первых, он может обеспечить удобное местоположение торговой точки. Во-вторых, он часто гарантирует обслуживание товаров, которые продает. В-третьих, розничный продавец помогает продвинуть продукт, выставляя его в витринах, а также рекламируя при продаже в магазине . В-четвертых, розничный продавец может финансировать клиента, продлевая кредит. Также розничный продавец хранит товары в своем магазине, обеспечивая достаточное количество их в наличии.
Стр. 44 TASK 3
Answer the following questions:
1. What is retailing?
Retailing is selling goods and, services to the ultimate consumer.
2. What are four different types of retail stores?
Department stores, discount houses, cooperatives, single line retailers.
3. What are at least two types of retailing that do not include sales outlet?
Mail-order house, vending machine.
4. In what way does a retailer serve a customer?
The retailer provides a convenient location. The retailer often guarantees and services the merchandise he sells. He can finance the customer by extending credit.
5. In what way does a retailer serve a manufacturer?
The retailer helps to promote the product through displays, advertising or sales people. Also the retailer stores the goods in his outlet by having goods available.
6. Which per cent of the price of the goods sold goes to the retailer?
25 to 100 per cent of the price of the goods sold goes to the retailer
7.What is the trend with a single line retailer now?
There is a trend for many single line stores to take on a greater variety of supplies.
Стр. 44 TASK 4
Fill in following forms.
| Surname (фамилия) | |
| First name(s) (имя) |  |
| Nationality (национальность) | |
| Passport number (номер паспорта) | |
| Date and place of issue (дата и место выдачи) | |
| Address (адрес) | |
| Date of arrival (дата прибытия) | |
| Date of departure (дата отъезда) | |
| Signature (подпись) | |
Стр. 45 TASK 5
Беспереводное понимание текста:
- изложить кратко общее содержание текста, выделив ключевые слова, которые и определяют содержание текста;
- дать перевод ключевых слов.
During a bout of inflation firms will face higher costs for the resources they need to carry on their business. They will have to pay higher wages to their employees to compensate them for rising prices. Supplies of raw materials and fuel will become more expensive as will rents and rates. The inevitable reaction to this is that the firm has to raise its own prices. This will lead to further demands for higher wages as is called the wage-price spiral. Such cost-push inflation may make the goods and services produced by that enterprise internationally less competitive in terms of price. An economy whose relative or comparative rate of inflation is high may find that it is unable to compete in home or foreign markets because its products are expensive. The economic model tells us that a situation of declining exports and increasing imports will lower the level of activity in the economy with all the consequent side-effects.
Общее содержание текста
Inflation pushes costs for the resources businesses need to operate. There is also a need for higher wages to compensate employees for rising prices. Raw materials and fuel, rents and rates become more expensive. As a reaction to this the firm has to raise its own prices. Thus, wage-price spiral is formed. Goods and services will become internationally less competitive in terms of price. The economy may find itself unable to compete in home or foreign markets and
lower the level of activity with all the consequent side-effects.
Ключевые слова и их перевод:
bout of inflation - всплеск инфляции
cost - стоимость
resources - ресурсы
carry on a business - вести бизнес
wages - зарплата
supplies of raw materials - поставки сырья
fuel - топливо
rents - арендная плата
inevitable - неизбежный
raise prices - поднимать цены
demand - требование
cost-push inflation - инфляция издержек
enterprise - предприятие
competitive - конкурентоспособный
relative - относительный
side-effects - побочные явления, последствия
comparative - сравнительный
declining exports - снижение экспорта
increasing imports - увеличение экспорта
Стр. 46 TASK 6
Выполнить письменный адекватный перевод со словарем:
Marketing includes all the business activities connected with the movement of goods and services from producers to consumers. Sometimes it is called distribution. On the one hand, marketing is made up of such activities as transporting, storing and selling goods and, on the other hand, a series of decisions you make during the process of moving goods from producer to user. Marketing operations include product planning, buying, storage, pricing, promotion, selling, credit, traffic and marketing research.
The ability to recognize early trends is very important. Producers must know why, where, for what purpose the consumers buy. Market research helps the producer to predict what the people will want. And through advertising he attempts to influence the customer to buy. Marketing operations are very expensive. They take up more than half of the consumer's "dollar". The trend in the USA has been to high mass consumption. The construction of good shopping centres has made goods available to consumers. It provided a wide range of merchandise and plenty of parking facilities.
Перевод
Маркетинг включает всю предпринимательскую деятельность, связанную с движением товаров и услуг от производителей к потребителям. Иногда это называют сбытом товара. Маркетинг не только подразумевает транспортировку, хранение и продажу товаров, но и, с другой стороны, изучает процесс движения товаров от производителя к пользователю. Маркетинг, таким образом, включает планирование, закупку, хранение, оценку товара, продвижение его на рынке, продажу, кредитование, транспортировку, анализ возможностей сбыта.
Способность распознавать ранние тенденции очень важна. Производители должны знать, почему, где, что и для чего покупают потребители. Изучение рыночной конъюнктуры помогает производителю предсказать, какой товар будет пользоваться спросом. Реклама воздействует на потребителя, заставляя его купить товар. Маркетинг очень дорог. Более половины потребительского "доллара" составляют маркетинговые исследования и рекламные кампании. Тенденция к высокому массовому потреблению сохраняется в США.
Современные торговые центры сделали товары доступными для потребителя. Они обеспечивают широкий выбор товаров и предоставляют место для стоянок автомобилей.
Стр. 47 TASK 7
Answer the following questions:
1. What does marketing mean?
Marketing includes all the business activities connected with the movement of goods and services from producers to consumers.
2. What activities does marketing consist of?
On the one hand, marketing is made up of such activities as transporting, storing and selling goods and, on the other hand, a series of decisions you make during the process of moving goods from producer to user.
3. What do marketing operations include?
Marketing operations include product planning, buying, storage, pricing, promotion, selling, credit, traffic and marketing research.
4. Why is it so important for the producer to know the early trends?
Producers must know why, where, for what purpose the consumers buy.
5. How was mass consumption possible in USA?
The construction of good shopping centres has made goods available to consumers. It provided a wide range of merchandise and plenty of parking facilities.
Третье занятие
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