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SHOULD Следовало бы You should work more seriously. — Вам следовало бы работать серьезнее. Сравните: You should do it. — Вам следовало бы сделать это (теперь). You should have done it. — Вам следовало бы сделать это (раньше). You should not do it. — Вам не следовало бы делать этого (теперь). You should not have done it. — Вам не следовало бы делать этого (раньше). Обратите внимание: You should have done it. — следовало сделать (а вы не сделали) You should not have done it. — не следовало делать (а вы сделали) Упражнение 544. Дайте совет, используя модальный глагол should и слова, данные в скобках.• E.g. Her diction is not very good. (to read aloud) She should read aloud. 1. I have a slight irritation in my throat. (to smoke less) 2. This child doesn't want to eat soup. (not to give her sweets before dinner) 3. She makes a lot of spelling mistakes. (to copy passages out of a book) 4. The dog is afraid of him. (not to shout at the dog) 5. The students are unable to follow what I am saying. (not to speak so fast) 6. The boy is a little pale. (to play out of doors) 7. I am afraid you will miss that train. (to take a taxi) 8. There is no one in. (to try the room next door)Упражнение 545. Переведите на русский язык.1. You should know how to raise your children not to be losers. 2. You shouldn't give the child everything he wants. You shouldn't satisfy his every craving for food, drink and comfort. Otherwise, he will grow up to believe the world owes him a living. 3. You shouldn't laugh at him when he picks up bad words. This will make him think he isn't cute. It won't also encourage him to pick up "cuter" phrases. 4. You shouldn't avoid use of the word "wrong". This won't condition him to believe, later, when he is arrested for stealing a car, that society is against him. 5. You shouldn't pick up everything he leaves lying around — books, shoes and clothing. You shouldn't do everything for him, otherwise, he will be experienced in throwing all responsibility onto others. 6. You shouldn't quarrel frequently in the presence of your child. Otherwise, he will not be too shocked when the home is broken up later. 7. You shouldn't take his part against neighbours, teachers and policemen. They aren't all prejudiced against your child. 8. When he gets into trouble, you shouldn't apologize for yourself by saying, "I never could do anything with him." |
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• E.g. 1) I bought that book spending a lot of money. You should not have bought the book.
2) I did not buy that book. You should have bought the book.
1. So I took the child to the cinema. 2. We forgot to leave a message for her. 3. We did not wait for them because it was beginning to rain. 4. I did not put down her address and now I don't know how to find her. 5. I did not explain to her how to get here. 6. I bought a pair of red shoes to go with my new dress. 7. So I told her frankly what we all thought about her idea. 8. I have not seen the film, and now it is too late because it is no longer on. 9. My pen was leaking, so I wrote with a pencil. 10. I'am afraid I ate too much cake with my tea.
B. 1. Надо было сказать ей об этом. 2. Не надо было оставаться там так поздно. 3. Ей надо было сейчас же пойти к врачу. 4. Вам надо было надеть шерстяные носки. 5. Им надо было начать пораньше. 6. Не следовало говорить с ней по-английски. 7. Надо было повернуть направо. 8. Надо было кому-нибудь сказать об этом.
Сравните:
You needn't have done it. — могли и не делать (это было не обязательно)
You shouldn't have done it. — не следовало делать (плохо, что вы это сделали)
• E.g. 1) A boy was impolite to a girl and did not apologize. You should have apologized to the girl.
2) A pupil did all the exercises in writing even those which were meant for oral practice. You needn't have done all the exercises in writing.
3) Your aunt is running a temperature. You should consult the doctor.
What will you say to the person who: Сравните:
You should have done it. — следовало сделать (а вы не сделали)
You must have done it. — должно быть, сделали
1) crossed the street under the red light?
2) doesn't cross the street when the lights are green?
3) doesn't want to cross the street by the subway?
4) doesn't take off his hat when entering a room?
5) did not help his classmate to clean the classroom?
6) has a splitting headache?
7) bought bread which was not necessary?
8) was not present at the meeting?
9) sent a telegram which was quite unnecessary?
10) went out without his coat and caught cold?
11) apologized for asking you a question?
12) didn't attend a very important lecture?
13) got up at six o'clock on Sunday morning, which was not at all necessary?
14) read till two o'clock in the morning?
15) copied the whole text into his exercise book?
16) watered the garden, and it is raining now?
17) hasn't returned the books to the library?
2. a) She ... have followed the doctor's advice. She would have recovered by now. b) She ... have followed the doctor's advice. She looks very fine.
3. a) You ... have ignored the instructions of your sports coach. That's why you lost the game, b) You ... have followed the instructions of your sports coach. Then you would have won the game.
4. a) She ... have forgotten to take her medicine, b) She ... have remembered to take her medicine.
5. a) I... have got on the wrong bus. I cannot recognize the places we are passing, b) I ... have looked carefully at the number of the bus. Now I must change buses, and I am afraid I shall be late.
Сравните:
I should have done it. — следовало сделать (а я не сделал)
I had to do it. — пришлось сделать (сделал)
Сравните:
I needn't have done it. — можно было не делать (а я сделал)
I didn't have to do it. — можно было не делать (я и не делал)
2.
а) Вы могли и не проверять правописание:
the computer can do all the correcting.
b) Я мог не проверять правописание: the computer did all the correcting, so it did not take me long to complete my work.
3.
а) Я мог не звонить ему, so I went to bed at
once.
b) It turned out that я мог и не звонить ему, as he knew everything from his sister.
4. а) Можно было не покупать сахар, and
I didn't go to the shop.
b) Why did you go to the shop? Можно было и не покупать сахар: we have enough of it.
5. а) Мы могли не тревожиться за нее, as we
knew that she was taken very good care of.
b) He надо было тревожиться за нас: you see that everything is OK.
6.
а) Можно было и не ходить туда, you have
wasted your time. They have phoned us and given us all the instructions.
b) Можно было не ходить туда, and we remained at home.
7. а) Мне не надо было идти в библиотеку, as
I had all the books I needed.
b) Незачем было ходить в библиотеку: you have only wasted your time. Don't you know that I shall give you all the necessary books?