Косвенная речь. Согласование времен. Ключи к английской грамматике.

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СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН, КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ

Упражнения: [307] [308] [309] [310] [311] [312] [313] [314] [315] [316] [317] [318] [319] [320] [321] [322] [323] [324] [325] [326] [327]

Indirect commands - Перевод в косвенную речь повелительных предложений

Indirect statements - Перевод в косвенную речь повествовательных предложений

Indirect questions - Перевод в косвенную речь вопросительных предложений

Сдвиг времен в придаточном дополнительном при главном предложении в прошедшем времени
Present Simple → Past Simple Present Continuous → Past Continuous	Действие придаточного предложения происходит одновременно с действием главного.
Present Perfect → Past Perfect Past Simple → Past Perfect	Действие придаточного предложения предшествует действию главного.
Future → Future-in-the-Past	Действие придаточного предложения совершается позже действия главного.

Употребляя простые предложения в роли придаточных дополнительных при главном предложении в прошедшем времени, сдвигайте времена, как указано в таблице:
Sequence of Tenses
Не lives in New York. I thought that he lived in New York. Mother is sleeping. I knew that mother was sleeping.	Одновременное действие Одновременное действие
He has returned from London. I was told that he had returned from London. He bought a new car. I heard that he had bought a new car.	Предшествующее действие Предшествующее действие
He will send us a letter. I supposed that he would send us a letter.	Последующее действие

Упражнение 307. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление времен в русском и английском языках.

1. When he learnt that his son always received excellent marks in all the subjects at school, he was very pleased.
2. When he learnt that his son had received an excellent mark at school, he was very pleased.
3. We did not know where our friends went every evening.
4. We did not know where our friends had gone.
5. She said that her best friend was a doctor.
6. She said that her best friend had been a doctor.
7. I didn't know that you worked at the Hermitage.
8. I didn't know that you had worked at the Hermitage.
9. I knew that you were ill.
10. I knew that you had been ill.
11. We found that she left home at eight o'clock every morning.
12. We found that she had left home at eight o'clock that morning.

Упражнение 308. Перепишите следующие предложения в прошедшем времени. Обратите внимание на зависимость времени придаточного дополнительного предложения от времени главного.

1. My uncle says he has just come back from the Caucasus.
2. He says he has spent a fortnight in the Caucasus.
3. He says it did him a lot of good.
4. He says he feels better now.
5. He says his wife and he spent most of their time on the beach.
6. He says they did a lot of sightseeing.
7. He says he has a good camera.
8. He says he took many photographs while travelling in the Caucasus.
9. He says he will come to see us next Sunday.
10. He says he will bring and show us the photographs he took during his stay in the Caucasus.

Упражнение 309. Перепишите следующие предложения в прошедшем времени. Обратите внимание на зависимость времени придаточного дополнительного предложения от времени главного.

1. Mike says he is sure Ann and Kate will be excellent guides.
2. He says they have made good progress in English.
3. Oleg says that in a day or two several English students will come to pay a visit to their school and he will probably have to act as an interpreter.
4. Ann says she has just met Boris in the street.
5. She says Boris told her a lot of interesting things about his travels in the south.
6. Nick says he is going to the hotel to see his friends, who have just arrived in St. Petersburg from the United States of America.
7. He says they have not been here for a long time.
8. He says they were friends at school.
9. He says he will take them to the theatre on Sunday.
10. They say they will write me a letter when they return home.

Упражнение 310. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени.

1. I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro station and I decided to hurry.
2. I didn't know that you already (to wind) up the clock.
3. I was afraid that the little girl (not to be) able to unlock the front door and (to go) upstairs to help her.
4. He says that he (to know) the laws of the country.
5. Sarie understood why Lanny (not to come) the previous evening.
6. She asked me whether I (to remember) the legend about a faithful lion.
7. He understood that the soldiers (to arrest) him.
8. He could not understand why people (not to want) to take water from that well.
9. I suppose they (to send) a dog after the burglar immediately.
10. He said he (to leave) tomorrow morning.
11. She says she already (to find) the book.
12. He stopped and listened: the clock (to strike) five.
13. She said she (can) not tell me the right time, her watch (to be) wrong.
14. I asked my neighbour if he ever (to travel) by air before.
15. The policeman asked George where he (to run) so early.
16. The delegates were told that the guide just (to go) out and (to be) back in ten minutes.

Упражнение 311. Раскройте скобки, выбирая требующееся время глагола.

1. My friend asked me who (is playing, was playing) the piano in the sitting room.
2. He said he (will come, would come) to the station to see me off.
3. I was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter.
4. I think the weather (will be, would be) fine next week. I hope it (will not change, would not change) for the worse.
5.I knew that he (is, was) a very clever man.
6. I want to know what he (has bought, had bought) for her birthday.
7. I asked my sister to tell me what she (has seen, had seen) at the museum.
8. He said he (is staying, was staying) at the Ritz Hotel.
9. They realized that they (lost, had lost) their way in the dark.
10. He asked me where I (study, studied).
11. I thought that I (shall finish, should finish) my work at that time.
12. He says he (works, worked) at school two years ago.
13. Victor said he (is, was) very busy.

Упражнение 312. Употребите следующие предложения как придаточные дополнительные, в роли главных используя предложения, данные в скобках. Сдвигайте времена в соответствии с правилом согласования времен.

1. You will fall and break your leg. (I was afraid)
2. My friend has never been to Washington. (I knew)
3. She never drinks milk. (I was told)
4. He is a very talented singer. (We were told)
5. They live a happy life. (We knew).
6. The children are playing in the yard. (She thought)
7. Her friend will come to see her. (She hoped)
8. Father has repaired his bicycle. (He thought)
9. She knows English very well. (I supposed)
10. Our sportsmen will win the game. (We were sure)
11. He does not know German at all. (I found out)
12. She made no mistakes in her dictation. (She was glad)
13. He works at his English hard. (I knew)
14. She dances better than anybody else. (I was told)
15. My cousin has received a very interesting offer from his firm. (I learnt)
16. She will come to stay with us. (My aunt wrote in her letter)
17. He is painting a new picture. (We heard)
18. His new picture will be a masterpiece. (We were sure)

Упражнение 313. Переведите на английский язык, соблюдая правило согласования времен.

1. Я знала, что она работает на заводе, что у нее есть муж и двое детей, что семья у нее очень дружная и она счастлива. 2. Он сказал мне вчера, что раньше он учился в университете. 3. Мы решили на прошлой неделе, что будущим летом мы все поедем в Крым. 4. Сестра сказала, что хочет приехать к нам сама. 5. Я знала, что она очень занята. 6. Никто не знал, что вы ждете здесь. Пойдемте в дом. 7. Гид предупредил нас, что в этой части города движение довольно сильное. 8. Секретарь не заметил, что директор с кем-то разговаривает. 9. Все мы знали, что ее семья опять в Санкт-Петербурге. 10. Лена сказала, что она дарит нам эту картину. 11. Она сказала, что ее коллеги всегда дают ей прекрасные советы. 12. Он сказал, что любит эту пьесу. 13. В прошлом году они думали, что никогда не будут хорошо читать по-английски, но вчера они увидели, что читают тексты довольно хорошо. 14. Он сказал мне вчера, что его отец — профессор и живет в Москве.

Упражнение 314. Переведите на английский язык, соблюдая правило согласования времен.

1. Я боялся, что заблужусь в лесу. 2. Она знала, что мы никогда не видели ее картины. 3. Ученый был уверен, что найдет решение проблемы. 4. Я знал, что ты приехал в Санкт-Петербург, и полагал, что ты навестишь меня. 5. Мы не думали, что он так рассердится. 6. Мы вчера узнали, что она больна. 7. Он думал, что она не придет в школу. 8. Я знал, что моя сестра изучает французский язык, и думал, что она поедет в Париж. 9. Мне сказали, что ты мне звонил. 10. Я думал, что ты в Москве. 11. Я не знал, что ты уже вернулся в Санкт-Петербург. 12. Мы надеялись, что поедем в Лондон. 13. Учитель сказал, что наши друзья прислали письмо из Лондона. 14. Она сказала, что ее подруга пригласила ее в театр. 15. Мы боялись, что не купим билет в театр. 16. Мы увидели, что дети играют в песке. 17. Она сказала, что больше не будет купаться, потому что вода холодная. 18. Моя двоюродная сестра сказала, что любит оперу и будет рада пойти с нами в театр, хотя уже дважды слушала "Травиату."

Упражнение 315. Переведите на английский язык, соблюдая правило согласования времен.

1. Я думал, что он подождет меня. 2. Он боялся, что ему будет трудно сделать доклад. 3. Он сказал нам, что когда он вошел в комнату, его друг уже сидел на диване. Он читал газету. 4. Мы надеялись, что она скоро придет. 5. Он сказал, что не знает, когда начнется конференция. 6. Я был уверен, что если мы поспешим, мы не опоздаем на поезд. 7. Он спросил меня, что я буду делать вечером. Я ответил, что не знаю, буду ли я свободен вечером, но сказал, что если буду свободен, то позвоню ему часов в восемь. 8. Все были уверены, что Борис хорошо сдаст экзамены. 9. Он говорил, что Лев Толстой — его любимый писатель. 10. Я знал, что вы живете в Москве, но не знал вашего адреса. 11. Он сказал, что бросит курить. 12. Все знали, что она поедет в Рим. 13. Простите, мы не думали, что вы ждете нас. 14. Я не знал, что вы тоже любите футбол. 15. Я был уверен, что он будет выдающимся артистом. 16. Я боялся, что вы не последуете моему совету. 17. Я не знал, что ты будешь работать в читальном зале.

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Косвенная речь При переводе предложений в косвенную речь не забывайте заменять обстоятельства времени, как указано в таблице.
Direct speech	Indirect speech
today	that day
yesterday	the day before
tomorrow	the next day
... ago	... before
this ...	that...
these ...	those ...
here	there
last year	the year before
last month	the month before
last ...	the ... before
next...	the following ...

Indirect commands - Перевод в косвенную речь повелительных предложений

Indirect commands
Keep quiet! Don't make noise!
He told me	to keep quiet and not to make noise
He asked me

Упражнение 316. Передайте следующие повелительные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. The teacher said to me: "Hand this note to your parents, please." 2. Oleg said to his sister: "Put the letter into an envelope and give it to Kate." 3. "Please help me with this work, Henry," said Robert. 4. "Please bring me some fish soup," he said to the waitress. 5. "Don't worry over such a small thing," she said to me. 6. "Please don't mention it to anybody," Mary said to her friend. 7. "Promise to come and see me," said Jane to Alice. 8. He said to us: "Come here tomorrow." 9. I said to Mike: "Send me a telegram as soon as you arrive." 10. Father said to me: "Don't stay there long." 11. Peter said to them: "Don't leave the room until I come back." 12. "Take my luggage to Room 145," he said to the porter. 13. He said to me: "Ring me up tomorrow." 14. "Bring me a cup of black coffee," she said to the waiter. 15. "Don't be late for dinner," said mother to us. 16. Jane said to us: "Please tell me all you know about it." 17. She said to Nick: "Please don't say anything about it to your sister."

Упражнение 317. Передайте следующие повелительные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "Explain to me how to solve this problem," said my friend to me. 2. The doctor said to Nick: "Open your mouth and show me your tongue." 3. "Don't be afraid of my dog," said the man to Kate. 4. "Take this book and read it," said the librarian to the boy. 5. The doctor said to Pete: "Don't go for a walk today." 6. "Don't eat too much ice cream," said Nick's mother to him. 7. "Go home," said the teacher to us. 8. "Buy some meat in the shop," said my mother to me. 9. "Sit down at the table and do your homework," said my mother to me. 10. "Don't forget to clean your teeth," said granny to Helen. 11. "Don't sit up late," said the doctor to Mary.

Indirect statements - Перевод в косвенную речь повествовательных предложений

Indirect statements
I am an engineer. I work at a plant. In the evening I study English
He said He told me	that	he was an engineer and worked at a plant. He added that he studied English in the evening.
I saw my friend yesterday.
He said He told me	that	he had seen his friend the day before.
We lived in Rome two years ago. My father worked there.
He said He told me	that	they had lived in Rome two years before and explained that his father had worked there.
I shall tell you about it tomorrow.
He said He told me	that	he would tell me about it the next day.

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Упражнение 318. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. Не said: "I have just received a letter from my uncle." 2. "I am going to the theatre tonight," he said to me. 3. Mike said: "I spoke to Mr. Brown this morning." 4. He said to her: "I shall do it today if I have time." 5. I said to them: "I can give you my uncle's address." 6. Oleg said: "My room is on the second floor." 7. He said: "I am sure she will ring me up when she is back in St. Petersburg." 8. Misha said: "I saw them at my parents' house last year." 9. He said: "I haven't seen my cousin today." 10. "I don't go to this shop very often," she said. 11. Tom said: "I have already had breakfast, so I am not hungry."

Упражнение 319. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "This man spoke to me on the road," said the woman. 2. "I can't explain this rule to you," said my classmate to me. 3. The teacher said to the class: "We shall discuss this subject tomorrow." 4. The woman said to her son: "I am glad I am here." 5. Mike said: "We have bought these books today." 6. She said to me: "Now I can read your translation." 7. Our teacher said: "Thackeray's novels are very interesting." 8. She said: "You will read this book in the 9th form." 9. Nellie said: "I read "Jane Eyre" last year." 10. "My friend lives in Moscow," said Alec. 11. "You have not done your work well," said the teacher to me. 12. The poor man said to the rich man: "My horse is wild. It can kill your horse." 13. The rich man said to the judge: "This man's horse has killed my horse."

Упражнение 320. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. The mother said: "The children are in the nursery, doctor." 2. "I have no time for lunch today," said the boy to his mother. 3. "You speak English very well," said the woman to me. 4. My brother said to me: "I am going to become a doctor." 5. My uncle said to us: "I buy several newspapers every day." 6. The teacher said to the pupils: "Next year we shall have six hours of English a week." 7. He said to me: "I want to see you today." 8. She said: "I am free tonight". 9. Mother said to me: "I feel bad today." 10. The pupil said to the teacher: "I can do my homework after dinner." 11. The teacher said to Jack: "You work hard, I know. You are a good boy." 12. The old man said to the girl: "You can sing perfectly. I think you will be a famous singer." 13. My sister said to me: "You look very well, much better than you looked yesterday. I think you have recovered after your illness." 14. "You are an excellent cook. Everything is so tasty," said my guest to me. 15. The student said: "I can't answer this question. I don't understand it."

Упражнение 321. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. Не said to me: "They are staying at the Grand Europe Hotel." 2. He said: "They are leaving next Monday." 3. The clerk said to them: "You can leave the key with the maid upstairs." 4. Masha said: "I usually spend my holidays in the south." 5. She said: "I spent my holidays in the Crimea last year." 6. Boris said: "I go to the south every year." 7. He said: "I am going to a health resort tomorrow." 8. Ann said to us: "They haven't yet come." 9. She said to us: "They arrived in St. Petersburg yesterday." 10. I said: "I was in London last year. My friends in London sometimes invite me to spend my holidays with them." 11. Nick said: "I have never been to London. I think I shall go there next year." 12. He said: "I shall not stay with my friends too long."

Упражнение 322. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи. Употребляйте любое существительное или местоимение в роли подлежащего главного предложения.

1. I shall come as soon as I am ready. 2. You will know that I have gone to the concert if I am not at home by eight. 3. I shall come to the Philharmonic with you if you get tickets. 4. Five years ago there were no people living here at all. 5. I shall go skiing on Sunday if I have time. 6. They finished building this house only last week. 7. It will be so pleasant when Tom comes home. 8. I shall do it now if you like. 9. My brother was here today. 10. It's a pity you didn't come earlier. 11. There will be an interesting lecture at the school assembly hall tomorrow. One of our teachers will speak about Charles Dickens. 12. Last year I spent my summer vacation in the Caucasus. 13. I came to live in this town several years ago. 14. I'll be reading you a story until it is time to go to bed. 15. I have read all about it in today's newspaper.

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Упражнение 323. Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.

1. "When your turn comes, listen very carefully to what the doctor tells you," I said to my grandmother. 2. "If you are in a hurry, we shall make only the first experiment," said the laboratory assistant to me. 3. "I shan't start anything new until I have finished this novel," said the writer to the correspondent. 4. "When I get a job, I'll buy you a warm coat," said the boy's father. 5. "If you spill the milk, there won't be any for the cat," said my mother to me. 6. "When you come to see me on Sunday, I shall show you my new dress," she said to me. 7. "If Mary arrives before seven, bring her to our house for the evening," said Jane to Henry. 8. "Don't wait until I come. As soon as you finish the exercises, begin playing volleyball," said the PT teacher to the pupils. 9. "As soon as Robert appears, ask him where he put the dictionary," said Mary to her mother.

Упражнение 324. Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.

1. Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. 2. He told me he was ill. 3. He told me he had fallen ill. 4. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before. 5. I told my sister that she might catch cold. 6. She told me she had caught cold. 7. He said that while crossing the English Channel they had stayed on deck all the time. 8. The woman said she had felt sick while crossing the Channel. 9. She said she was feeling bad that day. 10. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side. 11. Не said he had just been examined by a good doctor. 12. He said he would not come to school until Monday. 13. The man said he had spent a month at a health resort. 14. He said that his health had greatly improved since then.

Indirect questions - Перевод в косвенную речь вопросительных предложений

Indirect questions
Special questions		He asked (me) He wanted to know He wondered
"What are you doing? "Where do you live?" "Where does he work?" "What is Nick doing?" "What have you prepared for today?" "When did you come home yesterday?" "When will your mother come home?"		what I was doing. where I lived. where he worked. what Nick was doing. what I had prepared for that day. when I had come home the day before. when my mother would come home.
General questions		He asked (me) He wanted to know. He wondered
"Are you watching TV?" "Do you play chess?" "Does she go to school?" "Are you listening to me?" "Have you done your homework?" "Did you skate last winter?" "Will you see your friend tomorrow?"	if whether	I was watching TV. I played chess. She went to school. I was listening to him. I had done my homework. I had skated the winter before. I should see my friend the next day.

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Упражнение 325. Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи.

1. Mother said to me: "Who has brought this parcel?" 2. He said to her: "Where do you usually spend your summer holidays?" 3. Ann said to Mike: "When did you leave London?" 4. She said to Boris: "When will you be back home?" 5. Boris said to them: "How can I get to the railway station?" 6. Mary asked Tom: "What time will you come here tomorrow?" 7. She asked me: "Why didn't you come here yesterday?" 8. She asked me: "What will you do tomorrow if you are not busy at your office?" 9. I said to Nick: "Where are you going?" 10. I said to him: "How long are you going to stay there?" 11. I said to him: "How long will it take you to get there?" 12. Pete said to his friends: "When are you leaving St. Petersburg?" 13. He said to them: "Who will you see before you leave here?" 14. They said to him: "What time does the train start?" 15. I asked Mike: "What will you do after dinner?" 16. I asked my uncle: "How long did you stay in the Crimea?" 17. Ada said to me: "Where did you see such trees?" 18. I said to Becky: "What kind of book has your friend brought you?"

Упражнение 326. Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках.

1. Where did I put the book? (I forgot...) 2. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know...) 3. Where can I buy an English-Russian dictionary? (He asked me...) 4. How long will it take your brother to get to Madrid? (He wondered...) 5. Where is he going? (He didn't tell anybody...) 6. Where has he gone? (Did you know...) 7. Where is he? (Did you know...) 8. When is he leaving school? (I wanted to know...) 9. Where does he live? (Nobody knew...) 10. When will he come back? (She asked them...) 11. Where did she buy this hat? (He wanted to know...) 12. How much did she pay for it? (I had no idea...)

Упражнение 327. Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи.

1. I said to Mike: "Have you packed your suitcase?" 2. I said to Kate: 'Did anybody meet you at the station?" 3. I said to her: "Can you give me their address?" 4. I asked Tom: "Have you had breakfast?" 5. I asked my sister: "Will you stay at home or go for a walk after dinner?" 6. I said to my mother: "Did anybody come to see me?" 7. I asked my sister: "Will Nick call for you on the way to school?" 8. She said to the young man: "Can you call a taxi for me?" 9. Mary said to Peter: "Have you shown your photo to Dick?" 10. Oleg said to me: "Will you come here tomorrow?" 11. He said to us: "Did you go to the museum this morning?" 12. I said to Boris: "Does your friend live in London?" 13. I said to the man: "Are you living in a hotel?" 14. Nick said to his friend: "Will you stay at the Hilton?" 15. He said to me: "Do you often go to see your friends?" 16. He said to me "Will you see your friends before you leave St. Petersburg?" 17. Mike said to Jane: "Will you come to the railway station to see me off?" 18. She said to me: "Have you sent them a telegram?" 19. She said to me: "Did you send them a telegram yesterday?"

Вопросы в косвенной речи

Упражнения: [325] [326] [327] [328] [329] [330] [331] [332] [333] [334] [335] [336] [337] [338]

Прямая и косвенная речь

Упражнения: [339] [340] [341] [342] [343] [344] [345] [346] [347] [348] [349] [350]

Диалоги в косвенной речи.

Упражнения: [351] [352] [353] [354] [355] [356] [357] [358] [359] [360] [361] [362]

Изменения, происходящие при преобразовании прямой речи в косвенную

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